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Contraceptive consultations
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Endocrine Problems in Women: Relationship with Gynecology
Endocrine problems are a significant health issue that can significantly affect women’s quality of life. In particular, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and other endocrine disorders often lead to numerous ailments, such as obesity, painful menstruation, uterine bleeding, acne and hirsutism. In this article, we will look at these problems, their symptoms and treatments.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the most commonly diagnosed endocrine disorders in women of childbearing age. It is characterized by hormonal disorders that can lead to:
- Irregular menstrual cycles: Women with PCOS often experience irregular and sometimes completely missing periods. This is the result of hormonal disorders that affect the ovulation cycle.
- Hirsutism: Excessive hair growth in areas typical of men (e.g. face, chest) is one of the symptoms of PCOS. This is due to increased androgen levels.
- Acne: High levels of androgenic hormones can lead to skin problems such as acne, which are often accompanied by excessive sebum production.
Obesity and insulin resistance
Obesity is a common problem among women with PCOS. Many patients have a problem with insulin resistance, which means that the body does not respond properly to insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. Insulin resistance can lead to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular problems.
Painful menstruation and uterine bleeding
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome often complain of painful menstruation (dysmenorrhea) and uterine bleeding. Painful periods can be the result of irregular ovulation, leading to an increase in prostaglandins, chemicals that cause uterine contractions. These spasms can be intense and accompanied by various symptoms, such as:
- Lower abdominal pain
- Nausea
- Headaches
- Tiredness
Abnormal uterine bleeding can also be a symptom of hormonal disorders and can manifest itself in the form of heavy menstruation or intermenstrual bleeding. In these cases, it is important to consult with a gynecologist who can order appropriate tests and suggest treatment.
Treatment of endocrine problems
Treating endocrine problems related to gynecology requires a holistic approach, which may include:
1. Lifestyle changes
- Diet: Eating a balanced diet, rich in fiber, vegetables, fruits, and healthy fats, can help reduce insulin resistance and maintain a healthy body weight. Limiting simple sugars and processed foods is crucial.
- Physical activity: Regular physical activity, such as jogging, swimming, or yoga, can help maintain a healthy weight, improve insulin sensitivity, and reduce PCOS symptoms.
2. Pharmacotherapy
- Hormonal medications: Hormonal contraceptive pills can help regulate the menstrual cycle, reduce the symptoms of hirsutism and painful menstruation.
- Diabetes medications: Metformin, the most commonly used medication for insulin resistance, may help improve insulin sensitivity and regulate the menstrual cycle in women with PCOS. It works by lowering blood glucose levels and can contribute to weight reduction.
3. Supportive therapies
- Hormone therapies: In some cases, doctors may recommend hormone therapy to help regulate hormone levels and relieve symptoms associated with PCOS.
- Dermatological treatment: For acne and hirsutism, dermatologists may prescribe topical medications, such as retinoids, or hormonal medications to help control symptoms.
4. Psychological support
Women struggling with endocrine problems often experience stress, anxiety, and depression related to their health and symptoms. It is worth considering psychological support, which can help you cope with emotions and improve your quality of life. Support groups and individual therapy can be effective methods of help.
Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a chronic disease that affects about 10-15% of women of childbearing age. It is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue (the lining of the uterus) outside the uterine cavity, which can lead to a range of health problems, including pain, irregular menstrual cycles, and fertility problems.
Symptoms of endometriosis
The symptoms of endometriosis can vary greatly depending on where the endometrial tissue is present and the severity of the disease. The most common symptoms include:
1. Pelvic pain: This is the most common symptom of endometriosis. The pain can be especially intense during menstruation (dysmenorrhea), but it can also occur during other phases of the cycle.
2. Pain during intercourse: Women with endometriosis often experience pain during sexual intercourse, which can affect their intimate life and relationships.
3. Painful bowel movements or urination: Pain may occur when defecating or urinating, especially during menstruation.
4. Irregular menstrual cycles: Women with endometriosis may experience irregular periods, which may be heavy or too scarce.
5. Fertility problems: Endometriosis is one of the leading causes of infertility in women. Endometrial tissue can cause scarring and adhesions within the pelvic organs, making it difficult to get pregnant.
6. Other symptoms: They may include fatigue, back pain, nausea, and digestive problems.
Causes of endometriosis
The exact causes of endometriosis are not fully understood, but there are several theories that attempt to explain the phenomenon.